Present Simple — oddiy hozirgi zamon (o'zbekcha dars)
Present Simple — ingliz tilida eng ko'p ishlatiladigan zamon. U o'zbek tilidagi "ishlayman", "o'qiydi", "yashaymiz" kabi doimiy va takrorlanadigan ish-harakatlarga to'g'ri keladi. Shu bitta zamonni puxta o'zlashtirsangiz, kundalik suhbatlarning katta qismini tuza olasiz. Bu darsda qoida, jadval, 20 ta tarjimali misol va o'zingizni tekshirish uchun 8 savollik mashq bor.
Present Simple qachon ishlatiladi?
To'rtta asosiy holatni eslab qoling:
- Odatlar va takrorlanadigan ishlar: I go to work every day. — Men har kuni ishga boraman.
- Doimiy holatlar: She lives in Samarkand. — U Samarqandda yashaydi.
- Umumiy faktlar va tabiat qonunlari: Water boils at 100 degrees. — Suv 100 darajada qaynaydi.
- Jadval bo'yicha voqealar: The train leaves at 7 o'clock. — Poyezd soat 7 da jo'naydi.
Hosil qilish: qoida va jadval
Asosiy qoida juda sodda: fe'l o'z asl holida qoladi, faqat he / she / it (uchinchi shaxs birlik) bilan fe'lga -s qo'shiladi. Inkor va so'roqda esa do / does yordamchi fe'llari ishga tushadi:
| Gap turi | I / you / we / they | he / she / it |
|---|---|---|
| Darak (+) | I work. | She works. |
| Inkor (−) | I don't work. | She doesn't work. |
| So'roq (?) | Do I work? | Does she work? |
| Qisqa javob | Yes, I do. / No, I don't. | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. |
-s qo'shimchasining imlo qoidalari
| Holat | Qoida | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Oddiy fe'llar | faqat -s | work → works, play → plays |
| -o, -s, -sh, -ch, -x bilan tugasa | -es | go → goes, watch → watches, wash → washes |
| undosh + y bilan tugasa | y → -ies | study → studies, try → tries |
| unli + y bilan tugasa | faqat -s | play → plays, buy → buys |
| Istisno | maxsus shakl | have → has |
Be (am/is/are) fe'li do/does bilan ishlatilmaydi: I am a teacher. She is tired. Are you ready? Inkor uchun shunchaki not qo'shiladi: He is not (isn't) at home. "Do you are ready?" deb yozish — eng ko'p uchraydigan xatolardan biri.
20 ta misol (tarjimasi bilan)
| # | Inglizcha | O'zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I live in Tashkent. | Men Toshkentda yashayman. |
| 2 | She works at a hospital. | U kasalxonada ishlaydi. |
| 3 | We study English every day. | Biz har kuni ingliz tilini o'rganamiz. |
| 4 | He drinks green tea in the morning. | U ertalab ko'k choy ichadi. |
| 5 | They play football on Sundays. | Ular yakshanba kunlari futbol o'ynashadi. |
| 6 | My mother cooks very well. | Onam juda mazali ovqat pishiradi. |
| 7 | The shop opens at 9 a.m. | Do'kon ertalab 9 da ochiladi. |
| 8 | I don't eat fast food. | Men fast-fud yemayman. |
| 9 | She doesn't watch TV. | U televizor ko'rmaydi. |
| 10 | We don't work on Saturdays. | Biz shanba kunlari ishlamaymiz. |
| 11 | Do you speak English? | Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi? |
| 12 | Does he know your brother? | U akangizni taniydimi? |
| 13 | Where do you live? | Siz qayerda yashaysiz? |
| 14 | What time does the lesson start? | Dars soat nechada boshlanadi? |
| 15 | My father reads the news every morning. | Otam har kuni ertalab yangiliklarni o'qiydi. |
| 16 | It rains a lot in spring. | Bahorda ko'p yomg'ir yog'adi. |
| 17 | Students take exams in June. | Talabalar iyunda imtihon topshirishadi. |
| 18 | My sister teaches children. | Singlim bolalarga dars beradi. |
| 19 | I always do my homework in the evening. | Men uy vazifamni doim kechqurun qilaman. |
| 20 | He never comes late. | U hech qachon kech kelmaydi. |
Vaqt ko'rsatkichlari
Bu so'zlarni ko'rsangiz, gap katta ehtimol bilan Present Simple'da: always (har doim), usually (odatda), often (tez-tez), sometimes (ba'zan), rarely / seldom (kamdan-kam), never (hech qachon), every day / week / year (har kuni / hafta / yil), on Mondays (dushanba kunlari). Bunday ravishlar odatda asosiy fe'ldan oldin keladi: I usually get up at 6.
Tez-tez uchraydigan 5 xato
- -s ni unutish: ❌ She work here. → ✅ She works here.
- does bilan -s ni birga ishlatish: ❌ Does she works? → ✅ Does she work? (does kelganda -s tushadi);
- to be bilan do/does aralashtirish: ❌ Do you are tired? → ✅ Are you tired?;
- inkor bilan -s: ❌ He doesn't likes tea. → ✅ He doesn't like tea.;
- hozir bo'layotgan ish uchun ishlatish: ❌ I read a book now. → ✅ I am reading a book now. (bu Present Continuous vazifasi).
Mini-mashq: 8 savol
Har bir gapda to'g'ri variantni tanlang, so'ng "Javoblarni tekshirish" tugmasini bosing. Savollar Lingoxon jamoasi tomonidan tuzilgan original mashqlar.
1. She ___ to school every day.
2. I ___ coffee in the morning.
3. ___ he play football?
4. They ___ not live in Tashkent.
5. My brother ___ English very well.
6. We ___ TV in the evening.
7. She ___ like tea.
8. ___ you work on Sundays?
Ko'p so'raladigan savollar
Present Simple qachon ishlatiladi?
Present Simple doimiy holatlar, odatlar, takrorlanadigan ish-harakatlar, umumiy faktlar va jadval bo'yicha bo'ladigan voqealar uchun ishlatiladi. Masalan: I work every day — Men har kuni ishlayman.
Nega he/she/it bilan fe'lga -s qo'shiladi?
Bu ingliz tilining grammatik qoidasi: uchinchi shaxs birlikda (he, she, it) darak gapdagi fe'l -s yoki -es qo'shimchasini oladi. She works, he goes, it rains. Inkor va so'roq gaplarda esa -s fe'ldan tushib, does yordamchi fe'liga o'tadi.
Do va does qanday farqlanadi?
Do — I, you, we, they bilan, does — he, she, it bilan ishlatiladi. Ikkalasi ham so'roq va inkor gaplar tuzishda yordamchi fe'l vazifasini bajaradi: Do you work? / Does she work? / They don't work. / He doesn't work.
Present Simple bilan Present Continuous farqi nimada?
Present Simple odat va doimiy holatlarni bildiradi (I drink tea every morning), Present Continuous esa hozir, shu paytda bo'layotgan ish-harakatni bildiradi (I am drinking tea now). O'zbekchada ikkalasi ham hozirgi zamon bilan tarjima qilinishi chalkashlik beradi, shuning uchun vaqt ko'rsatkichlariga e'tibor bering.